Apparatus for use in television



May 18, 1937. C F J gR 2,080,942

APPARATUS FOR USE IN TELEVISION Filed June 1, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1Inventor. 6'az'-l I. Jeers patented May 18, 1 93"? UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE APPARATUS FOR USE IN TELEVISION Carl F. Joers, Los Angeles,Calif.

Application June 1, 1931, Serial No. 541,379

4 Claims. (Cl. 178-6) Thisinvention relates to sending and receivingpictures by wireless and the principal object is to provide a simpleapparatus that can be used for such purposes that is adapted to beoperated without rotary mechanical parts. In other words the only movingelements in the picture sending and receiving apparatus are light andelectricity with the parts for controlling them fixed relative to motionso that when once assembled in proper position they need never bechanged or adjusted.

' Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for use intelevision that is adapted to be placed in synchronization with otherstations by electrically tuning it into the same electrical frequency inuse by the remote station to which a picture is to be sent or from whichone is to be received. In other words the adjustment for a properelectrical frequency to be used with my apparatus is accomplished in asending and receiving set associated with my apparatus.

Sending and receiving sets for radio and their adjustments for properelectrical frequency are well understood in the art and for that reasonare shown only diagrammatically as associated with my apparatus.

Features of invention are shown in the construction, combination andarrangement of the parts of my apparatus whereby it operatesautomatically to both send and receive pictures so long as it issupplied with light and electricity and focused on a scene or object.That is, as the alternating current passes in one direction a picturecan be sent to a receiving set, and when it passes in the oppositedirection a picture can be received by a receiving set, only the peakvoltage of the frequency being used.

A feature of invention is shown in providing the apparatus with a frameof multiple tubes each adapted to be magnetized in its proper time andprearranged order by the same electrical frequency, and through whichlight can reversely travel to receive a picture when the light is movingin one direction and to send it when traveling reversely.

A feature of invention is shown in the means for controlling the lightas it enters, travels through and leaves each tube.

Another feature of invention is shown in providing an apparatus in whichpictures are received and sent through the same set of light tubesmagnetized to the same intensity by the same frequency of an alternatingcurrent in a timed predetermined order.

Other objects, advantages and features of invention may appear from theaccompanying drawings, the subjoined detail description and the appendedclaims.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side view of an apparatus for use intelevision constructed in accordance with this invention showing itarranged to transmit a picture of a flower by wireless from a local to adistant receiving station.

Fig. 2 is a view analogous to Fig. 1 with parts of the local stationarranged to receive by wireless a picture from a distant sendingstation.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross section on line 3-3, Fig. 1,diagrammatically indicating a frame of multiple light tubes submerged ina tank of nitro-benzol, the tubes being shown square in cross section.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmental view of the upper left hand corner ofthe frame shown in Fig. 3, showing an end view of a number of multiplelight tubes about four times their actual size.

Fig. 5 is a view analogous to Fig. 4, showing a honeycomb arrangement ofthe multiple light tubes.

Fig. 6 is also a view'analogous to Fig. 4, showing a group of multiplelight tubes that are round.

Fig. '7 is a fragmental semi-diagrammatic longitudinal section on line1-1, Fig. 1, showing a layer of multiple light tubes submerged in anitro-benzol liquid tank with the ends of the tank closed by reverselyarranged prisms; and also diagrammatically showing the preferred formfor electrically winding the tubes.

Fig. 8 is a semi-diagrammatic longitudinal section on line 8-8, Fig. 2,showing a single light conveying tube electrically wound and submergedin a nitro-benzol tank.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmental diagrammatic view of the multiple lighttubes between reversely arranged prisms showing the tubes wound and.connected by a fine wire and also showing the tubes separated aconsiderable distance to more clearly indicate their electricalconnection and also showing the tubes wound substantially alike withtiming lengths of wire connecting the coils of each tube and also timinglength of wires connecting the tubes.

Fig. 10 is an end view of the tubes and windings as seen from line l0|0,Fig. 9, with portions of the wire between the tubes offset to moreclearly show their connection.

Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view of a single tube and its associatedprisms on a very large scale.

Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic end view of the light tube as seen from theline l2|2, Fig. 11, indicating by dotted lines that the light passingthrough the prism at the left hand end of the tube has been polarizedinto a vertical plane.

Fig. 13 is a view analogous to Fig. 12 as viewed from line 13-13indicating that the light in the tube has been turned ninety degrees bythe magnetic field therein so it lies in a horizontal instead of avertical plane or in a position to pass through the prism at the rightend of the tube.

Fig. 14 shows a light tube formed of coiled wire in two parts arrangedwith inner ends adjacent an intermediate prism and with the parts incircuit, and with one part adapted to act slightly in advance of theother.

Fig. 15 shows a light tube formed of coiled wire.

Fig. 16 shows a light tube with separate windings at opposite ends witheach winding in a separate circuit.

Fig. 17 is a fragmental longitudinal section through a multiple tubetank semidiagrammatically showing its ends closed by glass screens andthe tubes provided with individual polarizing and analyzer prisms intheir ends.

Fig. 18 is an enlarged fragmental longitudinal section through one ofthe multiple tubes shown in Fig. 19, showing reversely arranged prismssecured in its ends.

My apparatus for sending and receiving pictures by television includes atank l9 that has its top, sides and bottom formed-of opaque material andthe ends are closed by prisms H and 12 so it can be filled withnitro-benzol I 4 in which the tube frame 5 with its multiple light tubesis can be submerged.

If desired the ends of the tank ill can be closed with the glass screens13 with the prisms i l and i2 interposed between the ends of the frame15 and screens as semi-diagrammatically shown in Figs. 17 and 18.

The frame 15 is arranged within the tank so that the open ends of themultiple tubes are adjacent the prisms H and 12 so that light enteringthe apparatus through the prisms can pass through the tubes in apredetermined order that will be explained later.

The prisms are arranged transversely or at right angles to one anotherso that light entering the tank l0 through one or the other prisms H, 12is polarized so it can not pass out of the tank through the oppositeprisms until the plane of polarized light is turned ninety degrees. Inother Words, the prism through which the light enters the tank is thepolarizer and the other the analyzer of the light, and the parts areconstructed and arranged so that in both sencung and receiving picturesthe prism alternately functions as both polarizer and analyzer of thelight. That is, when the light enters from one end of the tank the prismthrough which it enters functions as the polarizer, but when thedirection in which the light travels is reversed it will function as theanalyzer.

As previously indicated, the tubes IS are arranged in the tank so thatlight either directly or reflected from the lamps IT or 18 will passthrough them; and in this connection I provide a simple means forcontrolling the light so it is flashed from the tubes singly and in aconsecutive order to scan a scene for sending a picture or receiving thepicture of a scene scanned and broadcast by another station.

This means includes a winding for each tube with the windings connectedso that an alternating electrical current of a predetermined frequencycan be passed through the coils to establish magnetic fields of the sameintensity in each tube separately and in a consecutive order with thecurrent of sufficient voltage to establish magnetic fields of sufficientintensity to turn in a successive order the plane of light in each tubeninety degrees so it can pass out of the tank through the prism oppositeto the one through which the light entered. When the light is thussuccessively passed from the tubes in one direction and order a scenecan be scanned by them to send the picture to a distant receivingstation and when passed in the other direction a picture can be receivedfrom a sending station and projected to a visualizing picture screen. Inother words, if an alternating electric current of a predeterminedfrequency is passed through the coils of tube 1 shown in Fig. 3, and inthrough the intermediate tubes to tube 2104, each in succession will bemagnetized to pass its portion of the light in one direction on thefirst phase of the impulse, and on the second phase the impulse willpass reversely through the coils of the tubes from the tube 2104 totube 1. a

The multiple tubes 16 are preferably wound as shown. in Figs. 7 and 9;and as seen therein opposite end portions of each tube are wrapped withthe same number of turns of fine copper Wire so that the lengths of theWire in the coils 21 are equal to that in the coils 22 and the coils areconnected by intermediate wires 23 the purpose of which is to cause gapsof time to elapse between the energizing of the tub-e coils.

Also there are gap time Wire connections 24 that connect the extremeends of the coils 22 with the starting ends of the coils 2| arranged toprogress from tube to tube until all are in circuit with one another sothat electrical current entering the coil 21 of the first tube will passthrough link wire 23 to coil 22 and then through the gap wire 24 to thecoils of the next or second tube and so on through the coils of all ofthe tubes in a successive order.

An alternating electrical current of any suitable frequency can besupplied to the coils of the tubes in any suitable way through the wires25 and 26 it being understood that the same frequency is used for eachtube, and that any suitable frequency can be used. The source of energyis not shown as it is well understood in the art.

The frame I 5 is preferably supplied with a larger number of tubes thanare diagrammatically indicated, as is used in Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive,for as the number of tubes in use increases so proportionately will thedetails of the picture increase in clearness and detail and in actualpractice I prefer to employ from four to six thousand tubes according tothe fineness of the detail in the pictures to be sent or received.

For the purpose of illustration I diagrammatically indicate in Fig. 3that the frame l5 contains two thousand one hundred and four of thetubes 16 which, after being wound and insulated from one another as bypainting them with shellac, are assembled and secured in the frame, asshown, with the coils of No. 1 tube connected to the wire 25 and coilsof tube No. 2104 connected to wire 26.

With parts so-arranged an alternating electrical current entering thecoils of tube No. I will pass on one phase of the frequency successivelythrough all the coils of the intermediate tubes until it passes out ofthe coils of tube No. 2104 andrthen the direction of the flow of theelectrical current is reversed on the other phase of the frequency toenergize the tubes l6 in succession from tube No. 2104 to tube No. 1,and so on for an indefinite period or so long as the apparatus is to becontinued in use.

As previously indicated the purpose of energizing the coils of the tubesin a successive order is to successively create a magnetic field in eachtube of suflicient intensity to separately. turn the planes of polarizedlight in the tubes ninety degrees so they can pass out of the tubesthrough the prism opposite to the one through which the light entered,the purpose being to interrupt the light in all the tubes until themoment necessary to flash light of each in a proper order to illuminatean object to be scanned or to project a received picture to avisualizing screen. Each tube in use of scanning a scene illuminates itsrespective part of the area thereof; and in receiving a picturetransmits its small area to a screen, which illumination whiledistinctly separate for the purpose of transmitting and receivingpictures is accomplished with such great rapidity that the intervalsbetween the flashes cannot be detected by visualization so that thepicture received or sent appears to be an undivided scene.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 3 it is assumed that the picture of the flower2'? is to be sent by wireless to the distant receiving station 28. Thelight from the lamp I! is reflected from the flower to and through thepolarizer prism l l into the multiple tubes IS in the frame 55 that isassumed to be submerged in the nitro-benzol tank Ill that is indicatedby dotted lines.

Any suitable solution for light turning purposes may be used. As is wellunderstood, the purpose of nitro-benzol in the tubes is to make iteasier for the magnetic fields to turn the polarized lights in thetubes.

The tubes are focused in one direction on the flower 21 and in the otheron a light reflector prism 29 that is arranged to transmit the flashesof light from the tubes l6 toward a photo electric cell 3!} that isconnected by wires 3|, 32 with the local picture sending set 33 that,through its antenna 34, is in wave communication with the antenna 35 ofthe distant receiving set 28. A lens 36 is arranged adjacent the prisml2 to focus the flashes of light from the multiple tubes I6 to the prism29.

With parts so arranged and an alternating electrical current supplied tothe wires 25, 26, the light in all of the tubes 16 will be flashed inthe consecutive order heretofore described and the picture of the flower21 will be transmitted to the distant receiving station 28.

In Fig. 2 the parts of my apparatus are arranged to receive a picturefrom the assumed distant sending station 37 and reproduce it on theprism l2 or through the lens 38 project it to the visualizing screen 39.

By wireless the picture impulses from the antenna 40 are transmitted tothe antenna 4| of the local receiving set 42 that is connected by wires43, 44 with the impulse shutter 45 that is used for varying theintensity of the electrical impulses and through which the light fromthe lamp l5 passes after it has passed through the polarizing prism HIin one end of the benzol tank 46 shown in detail in Fig. 8.

The shutter 45 includes the tank 46 with top, sides and bottom formed ofopaque material and with prisms II I and H2 closing its ends.

The tank is filled with nitro-benzol in which a single I light tube 41.is submerged with its ends open toward the prisms and this tube is woundwith a coil that extends from end to end thereof with the ends of thecoil connected by wires 43, 44 to the receiving set 42, it beingunderstood that the set 42 is standard with means therein for properlyenergizing the coil 48 on tube 41 when necessary.

After the light from lamp l8 has passed into the tank 46 through prismIll and is influenced by a magnetic field caused by energizing the coil48 the impulses of light will pass through the prism H2, lens 49, lightstraightening screen I50 through prism ll into the nitro-benzol tank II]where it can pass through all of the tubes IS in frame I5 to the prisml2 where it is interrupted until each tube in a separate consecutiveorder from 1 to 2104 iselectrically energized, as previously described.When so energized the picture received from the station 31 through thelens 38 will be projected to the visualizing screen 39 as previouslystated.

In Figs. 11, 12, and 13 I diagrammatically illustrate the action of amagnetic field on the light that is assumed to be polarized and passingthrough the tube from the left to the right. Fig. 12- shows the lightpolarized into a vertical plane whenpassed through the prism l l withthe prism l2 arranged to trap the light in the tube until turned by amagnetic fleld, as stated. In Fig. 13 the dotted horizontal linesindicate the position of the plane of light after it has been turnedninety degrees or in a position in which it can pass on through theprism [2 in the course desired.

In Fig. 14 a method of winding a two-part tube is illustrated, in whichinstance I use an intermediate prism 3l2 additional to the end prisms Hand. I2.

The coils 56 and 51 cover the two parts of the tube l6 from end to endwith each coil in the same circuit, but arranged so that the coil 56 isenergized slightly in advance of the coil 51, by which means Iaccomplish a greater speed of picture impulse transmission.

In Fig. 15 a method of winding a tube is shown that is preferablyemployed in the parts 45, 48 and 49 shown in Fig. 2, and of which asection is shown in Fig. 8. In other words where a single tube isemployed to convey all of the light of picture impulses I preferablywind the tube as indicated in the aforementioned figures. It is obviousthat the tubes formed of coiled wire, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15, canbe utilized in the same way as the tubes l6 shown in the other figureshereinbefore described, as the ends of the coils can be used to connectthem in a series as are the other coils.

In Fig. 16 I show another method for winding a single tube in whichwindings I connect the coils 58 and 59 in one circuit and another coil60 in a second circuit, both sets of coils arranged to establishmagnetic fields within the tube for the purpose previously described.

In Figs. 17 and 18 I show each tube provided with its individual set ofend prisms H and I2 reversely arranged with the ends of the tank [8closed by the glass screens 13.

In operation the apparatus is used as hereinbefore described.

I claim as my invention:

1. An apparatus for use in television including a tank. having an opaquetop, bottom and sides,

polarizer and analyzer, prisms closing the ends of said tank that arearranged at right angles to one another, a frame in said tank that issubmerged in nitro-benzol, a plurality of tubes in said frame with theirends open toward said prisms so that light can enter them through saidprisms, and means including connected and like wire windings for eachtube over which an alternating electric current can be passed forcreating a magnetic field successively in a predetermined order in saidtubes so that the light that has entered the tube through the polarizerprism can pass out of said tubes through the analyzer prism.

2. An apparatus for use in television including a tank having top, sidesand bottom formed of opaque material, a frame therein, a plurality of.tubes in said frame submerged in nitro-benzol, a

polarizer prism closing one end of said tank through which light canenter said tubes in a predetermined course, an analyzer prism closingthe other end of said tank arranged to temporarily interrupt the courseof said light, and means including connected and like wire windings foreach tube through which an alternating electric current can be passedfor creating a magnetic field in each of said tubes in a predeterminedorder to singly and in succession permit the light that has entered saidtubes through said polarizer prism to pass out of said tubes throughsaid analyzer prism when said magnetic field is created.

3. An apparatus for use in television including a tank having top, sidesand bottom that are impervious to light, a frame therein, a plurality ofparallel tubes in said frame that are insulated from one another, apolarizer prism in an end of each tube through which light can enter ina predetermined course, an analyzer prism in the other end of each tubefor temporarily interrupting the course of said light, a lamp forsupplying light through said polarizer prisms to said tubes, and likeelectrical wire coils on said tubes, and timing wires connecting saidcoils in series, said coils arranged to cause magnetic fields in eachtube in a consecutive order when energized by a current of electricityto thereby turn the light in said tubes so it can pass in a consecutiveorder through said analyzer prisms for the purpose specified.

4. An apparatus for use in television including a tank having a top,sides and bottom formed of opaque material, a frame therein, a pluralityof tubes in said frame submerged in nitro-benzol, a polarizer prismclosing one end of said tank through which light can enter said tubes ina predetermined course, an analyzer prism closing the other end of saidtank arranged to temporarily interrupt the course of light entering saidtubes,

similar electrical wire winding for each tube, said windings connectedin series so that when an electrical current is passed therethroughmagnetic fields will be successively created in said tubes so that thelight therein can pass on through the tubes and out through the analyzerprism in a successive order, a lamp for illuminating an object so thereflected light therefrom is directed through said polarizer prism intosaid tubes, means for passing an electric current through said series ofwire winding so that successively a magnetic field will be created ineach tube to permit the light therein to pass on out through saidanalyzer prism, and a photo-electric cell in said apparatus forsuccessively receiving the light impulses as they pass from said tubesthrough said analyzer prism.

CARL F. JOERS.

